F - Islamic Glossary

Fa'ida ()
A beneficial piece of knowledge which comes to a person.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fa'idah ()
Benefit. In investment context it means return on investment.(Source:IslamIQ)  


Fada'il ()
Virtues, excellent qualities. it is the plural of fadila.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fadl (Riba) ()
A type of interest. Taking something of superior quality in exchange for the same kind of thing of poorer quality. Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala has strictly prohibited any kind of Riba and has warned of severe punishment for those who have any association with it. See the Holy Qur' an, Surah Al-Baqara (2):275-280(Source:IslamIQ)  


Fahm ()
Understanding.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fahsha' ()
Something abominable or obscene, meaning anything forbidden by Allah. it can also designate fornication or foul language.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fahwa al-khitab ()
Superior meaning, when the implied meaning of a text is superior to the pronounced meaning.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fahwani ()
"Elocution", a technical term of ibn al-`arabi. it means Allah's directly addressing people in visionary encounters in the `alam al-mithal.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fajir ()
(Plural fujjar or fajara) a reprobate; someone who behaves immorally or sinfully; someone who disobeys the commands of Allah and commits immoral actions.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fajr ()
the obligatory salah, prayer, before sunrise.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fajr ()
Dawn, daybreak. there is the "false dawn" which rises without spreading out, and the"true dawn" in which the light rises and spreads. it also means the dawn prayer. among the malikis, it desig nates the two sunna rak'ats before the obligatory subh prayer while others use fajr and subh interchangeably.(Source:Taha Publication)


Falah ()
Success, prosperity, the lasting attainment of that which one desires.(Source:Taha Publication)



Falas ()
: Bankrupt(Source:IslamIQ)


Fals ()
(Plural fulus) a small copper coin, used as small change, but with no intrinsic value.(Source:Taha Publication)


Falsafa ()
Philosophy, which attempts to form a systematic world-view out of logical and scientific reasoning. (compare with kalam).(Source:Taha Publication)


Fana' ()
Annihilation in Allah, the cessation of attributes, total withdrawal from the sensory. based on the qur'an: "everyone on it will pass away. " (55:26).(Source:Taha Publication)


Fana' fi'llah ()
Annihilation in Allah.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fana' fi'r-rasul ()
"Annihilation in the messenger", deep love of the prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, which leads to love of Allah and ultimately annihilation in Allah.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fana' fi'sh-shaykh ()
"Annihilation in the shaykh", annihilation in the spiritual guide which leads to annihilation in the prophet.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faqeeh ()
An Islamic scholar who can give an authoritative legal opinion or judgement.(Source:IslamIQ)


Faqih ()
a person who is an expert on Islamic jurisprudence (law), fiqh.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Faqih ()
(Plural fuqaha') a man learned in the knowledge of fiqh (see below) who by virtue of his knowledge can give a legal judgement.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faqih ()
(Plural fugaha') a man learned in the knowledge of fiqh who by virtue of his knowledge can give a legal judgement.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faqih an-nafs ()
"An expert on the self', a term used by al-ghazali for someone with expertise and understanding of the art of purifying the self.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faqir ()
A poor person.(Source:IslamIQ)


Faqir ()
(Plural fuqara') someone who is needy or poor, used to describe someone following a spiritual tradition since the creature is poor and the creator rich.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faqirani ()
Also a faqira (plural faqirat), the feminine of faqir.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faqr ()
Voluntary indigence, spiritual poverty, absolute need of Allah on the part of creatures. "o mankind! you are the poor in need of Allah whereas Allah is the rich beyond need, the praiseworthy. " (35:15).(Source:Taha Publication)


Far' ()
A branch or sub-division, and (in the context of qiyas) a new legal case.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fara'id ()
Plural of farida, shares of inheritance; religious obligations.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fara'id ()
Plural of farida, the fixed shares of inheritance as stipulated in the qur'an. the shares are: 1h, 1/4, 1/3, 1/6, 1/8, and 2/3.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faragh ()
Leisure. along with laziness, one of the great dangers for someone on the spiritual path.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faraq ()
(Plural furqan) a kind of large pot used as a measure in madina, containing about three sa`s of water.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fard ()
something which is obligatory on a Muslim. It is sometimes used in reference to the obligatory part of salaah.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fard ()
Obligatory. An act which is obligatory on Muslims.(Source:IslamIQ)


Fard (furd)
A term designating that which is an obligatory (required) belief or practice in Islam. For example, under normal circumstances, performing wudu (ritual washing) before offering formal worship is fard for Muslims. (Source:CIE)


Fard ()
(Singular of afrad), a solitary individual. fardiya: singularity.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fard ()
(Plural fara'id) obligatory, an obligatory act of worship or practice of the dan as defined by the shari'a.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fard ()
"Single", similar to gharib. it is of three kinds: a single person is found reporting it (like gharib), the people of only one locality relate the hadith; or the narrators of one locality report the hadith from narrators of another locality (like the people of makka from the people of madina).(Source:Taha Publication)


Fard 'Ain ()
An action which is obligatory on every Muslim.(Source:IslamIQ)


Fard al-`ayn ()
An individual obligation.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fard al-kifaya ()
Also fard kafa'i, a collective obligation, something which is obligatory for the community as a whole and is satisfied if one adult performs it.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fard al-Kifayah ()
Collective duty. A duty on the whole community. However, if the duty has been fulfilled by a part of that community then the rest are not obliged to fulfill it.(Source:IslamIQ)


Farnda ()
(Plural fara'id) share of inheritance.(Source:Taha Publication)


Farq ()
(Sometimes tafriqa), separation, obscuring structures and creation and separating Allah from creation, awareness of creation by creation. the opposite of jam `.(Source:Taha Publication)


Farsakh ()
(Plural farasikh) a measurement of length, about three miles/five km.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faruq (Farooq Farouk Farook)
this was the name given to Umar ibn Al-Khattab. It means 'One who distinguishes the truth from falsehood'.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fasid ()
Irregular, invalid, corrupt, void, deficient.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fasid ()
Irregular, deficient. it is between valid and void. a batil contract is unlawful, whereas one which is fasid is lacking some necessary quality, which can sometimes be put right.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fasila ()
(Plural fawasil) the final words of the verses of the qur'an which resemble rhyme.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fasiq ()
One of corrupt moral character who engages in various sins.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fasiq ()
(Plural fussaq) a person not meeting the legal requirements of righteousness. the evidence of such a person is inadmissible in court.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fasiq ()
(Plural fussaq) sinner, deviant, fornicater, profligate.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faskh ()
Cancellation, invalidation of a contract.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fasting ()
See Sawm. (Source:CIE)


Fata ()
"Noble youth", someone who is generous and faithful, a practitioner of futuwwa. al-qushayri says, "he has no enemy and does not care whether he is a wall or an unbeliever."(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatarat ()
Kharijite doctrine of eclipse of belief.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatawa ()
Plural of fatwa.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatawa `alamgiriya ()
A collection of fatwas made by jurists in the moghul empire during the 12th/18th century under `alamgir. it was edited by nizam ad-din burhanpuri and twenty-four other scholars. the sections dealing with worship are classical in pattern, while those dealing with criminal and civil law are more pragmatic. a source for muslim law in india.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fath ()
An opening in the soul which sets someone on the path to realisation. (cf. futuh).(Source:Taha Publication)


Fath aft-dhara'i` ()
"Facilitating the means"; it entails making the means to what is obligatory also obligatory.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fath al-`aziz ()
"The victory of the mighty", by ar-rafi`i (d. 623/1226), a commentary on al-wajiz by al-ghazali, which in turn provided the basis for the minhaj at-talibin of an-nawawi. it is a main reference of the shafi'i school.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fath al-bari ()
By ibn hajar al-'asqalani (d. 852/1449), a fourteen volume commentary on sahih al-bukhari. it is sometimes described as the work by which muslim scholars repaid the debt they owed to al-bukhari.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatha ()
The arabic vowel a.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatiha ()
The first sura of the qur'an.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatiha ()
"The opener," the first sara of the qur'an.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatwa ()
legal opinion concerning Islamic Law.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fatwa ()
A legal verdict given on a religious basis. The sources on which a fatwa is based are the Holy Qur'an, Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, and all other authenticated Ahadeeth. Plural: Fatawa.(Source:IslamIQ)


Fatwa (fut-wa)
A legal ruling in Shari'ah (Islamic Law), made by a learned and qualified scholar, usually in response to an unprecedented situation or to address a novel issue. (Source:CIE)


Fatwa ()
An authoritative statement on a point of law.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fatwa ()
(Plural fatawa) an authoritative statement on a point of law.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fay' ()
Spoils taken without fighting. it goes to the muslim treasury, the bayt al-mal.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fayd ()
Overflowing, emanation, effusion, manifestation.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fayd ()
The emanation of created things from Allah. the word is not used in the qur'an for creation. muslim philosophers, such as al-farabi and ibn sina, under the influence of neoplatonism conceived of creation as a gradual unfolding process. generally, they proposed that the world came into being as the result of god's superabundance. the process of creation begins, they asserted, at the most perfect level and then "descends" to the least perfect: physical matter. all created things yearn for what is more perfect.(Source:Taha Publication)


Faylasuf ()
Philosopher(Source:Taha Publication)



Festivities ()
Other than the two general feasts, there are few festivities that Muslims do enjoy. These are related to different activities or functions. Some of these activities are:

  • 'Aqiqah: It is a dinner reception to be made after a child is born. Relatives, friends, and neighbors are invited for such an occasion.
  • Walimah: It is a dinner reception to be made after a marriage is consummated. It is offered by the parents and/or by the married couples. Friends, relatives, and neighbors are also invited.
(Source:MSA-USC)

Fez ()
Crimson brimless head-covering worn in the later ottoman empire and in some successor-states, outlawed in turkey by kemal ataturk. fiqh: the science of the application of the shari'a. a practitioner or expert in fiqh is called a fagih.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fi amani'llah ()
Valedictory phrase meaning "in Allah's protection."(Source:Taha Publication)


Fi sabilillah ()
The arabic expression meaning "in the way of Allah", "for the cause of Allah".(Source:Taha Publication)



Fidya ()
A ransom, compensation paid for rites or acts of worship missed or wrongly performed because of ignorance or ill health.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fidyah ()
Compensation for missing or wrongly practising necessary acts of worship.Fidyah usually takes the form of donating money or foodstuff, or sacrificing an animal.(Source:IslamIQ)


Fikr ()
Reflection, seeking the meaning of things as manifestations of the divine. also tafakkur.(Source:Taha Publication)



Fiqh ( FIQAH FIQHA)
The meaning of the word fiqh is understanding, comprehension, knowledge, and jurisprudence in Islam. A jurist is called a Faqih who is an expert in matters of Islamic legal matters.

A Faqih is to pass verdicts within the rules of the Islamic Law namely Shariah.

The most famous scholars of Fiqh in the history Muslims are the founders of the four schools of thought in Islam: Imam Malik, Imam Ash-Shafi'i, Imam Abu Hanifah, and Imam Ahmad.

Anything or action in Islam falls within the following five categories of Fiqh:

  1. Fardh (Must): This category is a must for the Muslim to do such as the five daily prayers. Doing the Fardh counts as a good deed, and not doing it is considered a bad deed or a sin.

    It is also called Wajib except for Imam Abu Hanifah who makes Wajib a separate category between the Fardh and the Mubah.
  2. Mandub (Recommended): This category is recommended for the Muslim to do such as extra prayers after Zuhr and Maghrib. Doing the Mandub counts as a good deed and not doing it does not count as a bad deed or a sin.
  3. Mubah (Allowed): This category is left undecided and left for the person, such as eating apples or oranges. Doing or not doing the Mubah does not count as a good or bad deed.

    Intention of the person can change Mubah to Fard, Mandub, Makruh, or Haram.

    Other things could also change the status of the Mubah. For example, any Mubah becomes Haram if it is proven harmful, and any necessary thing to fulfill a Fardh is a Fardh too.
  4. Makruh (Hated): This category is a detested and hated such as growing fingernails or sleeping on the stomach. Not doing the Makruh counts as a good deed and doing it does not count as a bad deed.
  5. Haram (Prohibited): This category is prohibited for the Muslim to do such as stealing and lying. Doing the haram counts as a bad deed and not doing it counts as a good deed.
Imam Abu Hanifah also puts another category between the Makruh and the Haram. It is called Karahah Tahrimiyyah which means hated almost to the level of Haram.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fiqh ()
Islamic jurisprudence.(Source:IslamIQ)  



Fiqh (fik)
Literally "understanding," this term refers to the body of knowledge and legal opinions developed by Muslim jurists and scholars from the primary sources in Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad. Fiqh is essentially the interpretation and application of Shari'ah to specific circumstances or issues. (Source:CIE)


Fiqh ()
The science of the application of the shari `a. a practitioner or expert in fiqh is called a faqih.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fiqh al-aqalliyat ()
"Jurisprudence of [muslim] minorities", a new name for an old area of jurisprudence that used to be called fiqh an-nawazil, or "jurisprudence of momentous events".(Source:Taha Publication)


Fiqh al-hadith ()
The science of hadiths which deal with legal judgements.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fiqh an-nawazil ()
"Jurisprudence of momentous events", an area of fiqh covered mostly by the malikis, which is concerned with the fiqh for muslims living in a minority situation.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fir'awn ()
Pharaoh.(Source:Taha Publication)


Firasa ()
The science of recognising a person's inward qualities by studying the outward appearance; intuitive knowledge of human nature.(Source:Taha Publication)


Firdaws ()
Paradise, one of the highest parts of the garden.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fisq ()
The testimony of someone who is fasiq, who behaves in a manner which can be described as fisq, is not accepted as evidence in court. this involves committing a major sin or persisting in minor ones.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fisq ()
Deviant behaviour, leaving the correct way or abandoning the truth, disobeying Allah, immoral behaviour.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fitna ()
(Plural fitan) civil strife, sedition, schism, trial, temptation. fitr: see `id al-fitr(Source:Taha Publication)


Fitna ()
The first nature, the natural, primal condition of mankind in harmony with nature.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fitnah ()
means civil strife, war, riots.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fitra ()
The first nature, the natural, primal condition of mankind in harmony with nature.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fitrah (fit-rah)
An Arabic term designating the innate, original spiritual orientation of every human being towards God the Creator. Muslims believe that God endowed everything in Creation with a tendency towards goodness, piety and God-consciousness, and that one's environment, upbringing, and circumstances serve to enhance or obscure this tendency. (Source:CIE)


Five Pillars of Islam, The ()
A term referring to the five core religious practices incumbent upon all Muslims, and which demonstrate a Muslim's commitment to God in word and in deed. They are as follows(Source:CIE)  


Follower ()
See tabi `un.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fu'ad ()
The inner heart. according to an-nuri, that part of the heart contented only with gnosis.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fudayl ibn `iyad ()
Abu `ali at-talaqani, born in khorasan. he was a highwayman at the beginning of his life. then he repented and went to makka and then to kufa where he resided for many years, dying in 187/803. he had a reputation as an authority in hadith which he studied under sufyan ath-thawri and abu hanifa and was bold in preaching before harun ar-rashid. he likened this world to a madhouse.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fuqaha ()
plural form of faqih.
(Source:MSA-USC)


Fuqaha' ()
Plural of faqih.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fuqahaa ()
Jurists.(Source:IslamIQ)


Fuqara' ()
Plural of faqir.(Source:Taha Publication)


Furnsiya ()
Excellent horsemanship.(Source:Taha Publication)


Furqan ()
Discrimination, distinguishing the truth from the false.(Source:Taha Publication)


Furqan ()
Discrimination, distinguishing the true from the false. it is also a name given to a divine revealed book.(Source:Taha Publication)


Furu` ()
(The plural of far`) branches or subsidiaries, such as furu ` al fiqh, that is, the branches of fiqh.(Source:Taha Publication)


Furuq ()
Subtle distinctions.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fusha ()
Classical arabic; pure, eloquent arabic.(Source:Taha Publication)


Fusus al-hikam ()
"The seals of wisdom", an extremely important book regarded as the nucleus of ibn al-`arabi's teaching and philosophy: it consists of a series of explanations of the mystical meanings of the particular gnoses granted to each of several major prophets.(Source:Taha Publication)


Futhiya ()
Or aftahiya, from al-aftah ("flat-footed") the nickname of `abdullah, the eldest son of ja'far as-sadiq. they believed that the imam passed on the imamate by testament (and so could go from one brother to another).(Source:Taha Publication)


Futuh ()
"Opening", the opening of the expression outwardly and sweetness inwardly, and the opening of disclosing and unveiling.(Source:Taha Publication)  



Futuh al-ghayb ()
"Openings of the unseen", a series of discourses on the sufic path by shaykh `abdu'l-qadir al-jilani (d. 561/1166).(Source:Taha Publication)


Futuhat al-makkiya ()
"The makkan revelations", ibn 'arabi's huge major work which consists of 565 chapters. he was inspired to begin it, hence its name.(Source:Taha Publication)  



Futuwwa ()
Placing others above one's self, as manifested in generosity,altruism, self-denial, indulgence for people's shortcomings.(Source:Taha Publication)


Futuwwa ()
Chivalry; placing others above one's self as manifested in generosity, altruism, self-denial, indulgence for people's shortcomings. also a term for the guilds in asia minor.(Source:Taha Publication)
 
 

0 comments:

Post a Comment

 

Copyright © 2010 • Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu 'alayhe wa sallam) • Design by Dzignine